Functional Neurological Disorder
Functional Neurological Disorder (FND) is more common than previously believed. There is no single cause for this condition; instead, it often involves multiple factors that influence its occurrence.
FND is considered a “software” issue rather than a “hardware” problem. Symptoms are not caused by a typical neurological disease but by a dysfunction in how the nervous system operates, without any structural damage.
The disorder is characterized by physical symptoms such as tremors, weakness, paralysis, altered gait, balance dysfunction, and dystonia. Non-physical symptoms may include sleep disturbances, non-epileptic seizures, visual disturbances, headaches/pain, fatigue, and cognitive issues.
With appropriate support, symptoms can potentially be reversed, and rehabilitation can be effective. It is crucial to recognize the challenges faced by individuals with FND and the significant impact on their personal and professional lives.
Rehabilitation plays a vital role in enabling those with FND to engage in everyday activities with family, friends, and colleagues.
Rehabilitation should follow a biopsychosocial approach, including:
- Education
- Positive feedback
- Functional activities (e.g., sit-to-stand exercises, walking)
- Movement retraining
- Self-management strategies
- Graded exercise